Wednesday, July 13, 2016

Helping Our Children Understand Those With Disabilities



Today, children are dealing with a great deal more of what I had to deal with when I was a little girl.   Issues, such as drugs, gangs, violence, disabilities, sex, abuse, rape, sexuality, etc., are plaguing our children, without giving them an outlet of how to express themselves regarding the matters. When I was growing up, I remember going outside and playing with my friends and having fun—never to even dream of the issues at hand which children endure today.  On many occasions, I may have had to deal with constant teasing or bullying due to my weight always being above average, but I never heard of any of my friends having to deal with the issues listed above.  Therefore, I can only imagine that it is very hard on the spirits of today’s children to deal with such topics. Luckily, however, we have several authors who are willing enough and even brave enough to help those who are enduring such matters, and they do so through the use of books.
A major issue that children face, and therefore the topic of this blog, is the matter of disabilities—whether children know of someone with a particular disability or if they actually have a disability themselves. Having a disability as an adult is a major issue that calls for concern for those with the disability.  Therefore, it’s only imaginable what children may have to endure from their peers and the world as a whole when they have a disability too.  Disabilities not only affect children directly and individually, but disabilities also have a great effect on those around them as well.
A wonderful book which can be used to help children understand those living with disabilities is a book entitled, Everything, Everything, by Nicola Yoon.  Nicola Yoon’s book captivates the lonely life of a teenage girl (Madeline) dealing with an immune deficiency, which causes her to ultimately live a life inside a “bubble” (her home) for eighteen years. Everything, Everything also demonstrates Madeline’s willingness and braveness to step out beyond what others tell her she is incapable of doing.   Through many years of feeling hopeless and alone, she one day befriends a neighbor whose life is filled with problems of his own.  The two learn to use the strength of each other, despite disabilities and circumstances, in order to overcome the impossible and to accomplish what many people in their situations may find impractical.  Though this novel may well be intended for children in grades five through eight due to its minute adult content, it truly encompasses the idea that using inner strength when facing one’s fears enables an individual to excel in any challenge encountered.  The language used throughout the novel is basic enough for struggling readers to comprehend.  Although this novel also includes very few pictures and graphics, the words are descriptive enough to paint a picture of what the author is trying to convey in even the most uninventive minds.
Yoon’s novel can definitely be used as a great model to teach children the importance of respecting and accepting one’s differences, whether they’re the differences of their own or of someone else.  One great idea would be to use this novel in a book club with guiding questions that allow students to put themselves in the place of those who actually experience dealing with a disability—whether directly or indirectly.  That way, students can gain better insight regarding people with disabilities.  Educators would most definitely want to address the topic of individuals with disabilities for several reasons.  One major reason includes the fact that, whether they are identified as having a disability or not, teachers will always encounter students who have some form of a disability. Because of this, there may be other challenges that occur within the classroom as a result, to include low self-esteem, bullying, suicide, addictions, poor coping skills, etc.  Books like Everything, Everything help to point out that individual differences, abilities and disabilities don’t determine who a person is or what he or she can become unless allowed to do so.  This novel teaches children to appreciate who they are despite of someone’s differences, and to also respect and accept the differences of others as well.  Some other resources which may also help with this topic can be found below:

Supportive resources include:
Articles:
Harland, K. (2007). A Will of His Own: Reflections on Parenting a Child with Autism-Revised Edition. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Hickman, L. A. (2000). Living in my skin: The insider's view of life with a special needs child. Communication Skill Builders.
McGill, P. Parenting a Child with Special Needs.
Moore, C. (1993). Maximizing Family Participation in the Team Process.

Websites:
Six Ways to Teach Your Kids About Disabilities
Teaching Your Child about Peers with Special Needs
What To Teach Your Children About Kids With Special Needs

Understanding Kids Who Are Different: Activities for Teaching About Disabilities

Discussing Sexuality in the Classroom




“George stopped. It was such a short, little question, but she couldn't make her mouth form the sounds. Mom, what if I'm a girl?”
― Alex Gino, George




Our students are growing up in the most diverse country that we have ever seen. We have student from different religions, socio-economic status, and of different races all in the same classroom. We also have students that have seen things we cannot even imagine and are bring raised in rough neighborhoods or even foster homes. Literature is a way we can present these intense themes to our students without them feeling overwhelmed or nervous. It allows them to see what others go through and how tough situations can be handled.
I chose to read George by Alex Gino for my “Windows book”. George is about a young girl trapped in the body of a boy. She goes through a difficult journey that includes her struggle with sexuality, bullying, and self-acceptance. George is just one book that can start a complex conversation on tough issues like sexuality. You could focus on several other major themes in the book too. Such as bullying, friendship, and diversity.


I read My Mixed-Up Berry Blue Summer by Jennifer Gennari when I was in undergrad. This book focuses on a totally different issue the LGBTQ community faces. June Farrell is a typical 12 year-old girl from a small town except for one thing; her mother is a lesbian. When June’s mother and girlfriend decide to get married under a civil union law the people in June’s town do not react well. She and her family are bullied and exiled. This book would be a great follow up to any class discussion on what LGBTQ families face.

Common Core Standards:

SIXTH GRADE:

Determine a theme or central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments.

Describe how a particular story's or drama's plot unfolds in a series of episodes as well as how the characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a resolution.




Below are links to more children’s books about sexuality.



WebQuest on Diversity and Bullying



Refrences:

Gino, A. (2015). George. NY: Scholastic Press.


Gennari, J. (2012). My mixed-up berry blue summer. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Tuesday, July 12, 2016

Discussing Bullying & Its Negative Impacts with Children

Bullying is something that impacts many students in school all over the nation. Bullying is defined on nobullying.com as "unwanted behavior that involves real or perceived power imbalance." Bullying often takes on different forms and can be happening without you ever really noticing. According to stopbullying.gov "Schools are primary place for bullying to occur". Knowing that schools are a key location for bullying it is our jobs as teachers to address this issue and help to create bully free zones. It is important to teach our students the negative impacts of bullying. This topic may be one that is hard to talk about with students but there are many different resources that can help you bring up the discussion. 

Books are a perfect way to begin a discussion on the impact of bullying. One book that I found that can be used to begin the discussion on bullying is called Each Kindness by Jacquline Woodson. This book is about a new student named Maya who arrives at school and has a hard time adjusting to the school. She has a difficult time making friends because they all seem to pick on her because she wears hand-me-downs and plays with old fashion toys. Every time she tries to play with Chloe and her friends they always turn her down. Eventually Maya stops asking and just plays by herself. Then one day Maya stops coming to school. After listening to a lesson the teacher gives on kindness, Chloe gets upset on the lost opportunity for kindness and friendship with Maya.

Each Kindness does a great job of addressing bullying and can be used a discussion starter around the topic. This book teaches students the negative impact that bullying may have on an individual. It also shares with students how the smallest amount of kindness toward one another can cause a ripple effect of kindness. I believe that it is important to share books like this to students so that they can truly understand that their words and actions matter. It is important for them to understand that how they treat people can have a lasting impact.


Here is a link to more books on the topic of bullying. 


The common core standards aligned with this book and discussion include:

  • CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.3.1 -Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 3 topics and texts, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.
  • CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.3.1.D -Explain their own ideas and understanding in light of the discussion.
References 
Educators. (n.d.). Retrieved July 13, 2016, from http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-you-can-do/educators/index.html

What is Bullying? (n.d.). Retrieved July 13, 2016, from https://nobullying.com/what-is-bullying/ 

Woodson, J., & Lewis, E. B. (2012). Each Kindness. New York: Nancy Paulsen Books. 

Disabilities in the Classroom


Young students are often curious about things that seem different to them.  It is very important to talk with children at a young age about the things that make people unique.  One of these topics is people with disabilities. 

There are many books about children with disabilities.  Knots on a Counting Rope, by Bill Martin Jr., is one of my favorite books because there are so many layers to the story.  At the beginning of the book, a little boy is asking his grandfather to tell the story of the night the boy was born.  We learn it was a stormy night and the little boy was sick.  His grandfather names him Boy-Strength-of-Blue-Horses after the young baby heals once he touches a blue horse.  As the tale progresses, we learn about several Native American traditions, and that the boy is blind.  He asks his grandfather what the color blue is, and the two of them, together, give blue a sensory definition.  While telling the boy his story, the grandfather recounts the time Boy-Strength-of-Blue-Horses successfully trained a horse, showing readers that his blindness does not hinder his ability to experience life.  Though blind, he is accepted by his family and community members.  The book allows readers to experience the world through the boy’s senses and to experience his joy as his community supports him wholeheartedly.

When teaching a lesson with this book, I would begin with step one of Kiefer and Tyson’s Ten-Point Model for Teaching Controversial Issues (p. 22).  I would ask my second graders what they know about disabilities.  Do they know what it means to have a disability?  Do they know anyone with a disability?  From there, we would create a list of things we want to learn.  As I read Knots on a Counting Rope aloud, students would answer, or begin thinking about, the questions we asked.  This would encourage further conversation about the topic, encouraging more questions to be asked and answered. 

This story lends itself to a writing assignment, having students write their own stories about what their name means or about their family traditions.  Once students have thought about what makes me unique, the class would share with other peers.  This exercise would show students that people with disabilities have something unique about them, just like each person in the classroom has something unique to share.  Completing the exercise as a class would help unite the students and encourage them to celebrate one another’s differences.

The two CCSS I would focus on during this lesson are:
Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges.

Write narratives in which they recount a well-elaborated event or short sequence of events, include details to describe actions, thoughts, and feelings, use temporal words to signal event order, and provide a sense of closure.


References

Kiefer, Barbara Z., and Cynthia A. Tyson. Children's Literature: A Brief Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2014. Print.

Martin, Bill, Jr. "Knots on a Counting Rope." Storyline Online. Square Fish, 20 Feb. 2013. Web. 11 July 2016.


"Preparing America's Students for Success." Home | Common Core State Standards Initiative. Department of Education, 2016. Web. 11 July 2016.

Discussing Race in the Classroom

"You can't be Peter Pan, he isn't black." 



Race is something that is a difficult subject to talk about, no matter what age group you are discussing it with. However, with younger children, it is especially crucial to talk with them about race because according to Sarah Butler, "young children are hard-wired in their brains to notice difference and categorize it. So it is vital during early childhood to put some context around making sense of differences". One way to help with that is to read children books about race and the differences that they may see and help them understand that all people should be treated equally.

Amazing Grace by Mary Hoffman is about a young girl who loves to act. When her teacher at school says they will be doing the play Peter Pan, Grace jumps at the chance to play Peter. However, other students don't think that is a good idea, one of them saying "You can't play Peter Pan, you are a girl". Another student saying "You can't play Peter Pan, you are black". Soon Grace doesn't think she can play Peter Pan because of what the other students have told her. She goes home and talks to her Ma and Nana, where they try their best to cheer her up and Nana tells her "You can be anything you want to Grace if you put your mind to it".

Amazing Grace  talks about race in a subtle way to students. It shows all students, no matter their skin color, that they can do anything they want. This book, along with other book ideas listed below, will help students realize that all races should be treated equally. According to Strauss, "too often children of color and the poor have window books into a mostly white and middle-and-upper-class world. We need to include a wide variety of books in our classroom library that talk about different races, so children will see all human races are important. Addressing race with children at a young age in a classroom may be difficult to talk about but it is important to address the topic. Butler tells us from research she's done that "all children will inevitably stereotype and categorize people based on race, much to their parents dismay".

Here are other children's book that help talk about race:

Chocolate Me by Taye Diggs


The Other Side by Jacqueline Woodson


Here is a link to more books dealing with race: Humane Education-Race Books

The K-2 Common Core standards addressed from these books include: K.C.1. Understand how individuals are similar and different and 1.C.1 Understand the diversity of people living in the local community. 

Butler, Sarah. "It's Never Too Early to Talk About Race." Teaching Tolerance. N.p., 15 Mar. 2011. Web. 12 July 2016.

Hoffman, Mary, and Caroline Binch. Amazing Grace. New York: Dial for Young Readers, 1991. Print.

Strauss, Valerie. "How Common Core’s Recommended Books Fail Children of Color." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 16 Sept. 2014. Web. 12 July 2016.






Monday, July 11, 2016

Lets Talk About Race: Julius Lester

"I am a story. So are you".

Let’s Talk About Race by Julius Lester offers an opportunity for philosophical discussion about race, and how racial identity affects the way we view one another. While thinking about their own life stories and hearing those of their friends, students may begin to find that what looks like an easy question may not have such an easy answer. This will encourage them to break down their own assumptions about race and critically think about them. Lester discusses how each individual has many different elements to their story, from family, to name, to likes and dislikes and maybe even race. However, he says that race is just a portion of your story, but why do people think it is so important? He explains that sometimes we get too caught up on race and make quick assumptions based on skin color.

Lester tells his own story with details that kids will enjoy, like his favorite food, hobbies, and time of day. Then he states, "Oh. There's something else that is part of my story…I'm black." Throughout the narrative, he asks questions that young readers can answer, creating a dialogue about who they are and encouraging them to tell their own tales. He also discusses "stories" that are not always true, pointing out that we create prejudice by perceiving ourselves as better than others. He asks children to press their fingers against their faces, pointing out, "Beneath everyone's skin are the same hard bones." Remove our skin and we would all look the same. Lester's engaging tone is just right and his words are particularly effective, maintaining readers' interest and keeping them from becoming defensive.


One aspect that does hold true is the Common Core Standards. Critics of the CCSS  have questioned a number of different aspects of the standards, including how they were written, whether they are developmentally appropriate and whether too much emphasis has been placed on non-fiction at the cost of literature.When the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) were introduced in 2009—2010 , the literacy needs of half the children in the United States were neglected. Of 171 texts recommended for elementary children in Appendix B of the CCSS, there are only 18 by authors of color, and few books reflect the lives of children of color and the poor (Strauss).

Books such as Lets Talk About Race are important because statistics show they improve reading proficiency. Appendix B of the CCSS as presented added to the aggregate that consistently marginalizes multicultural children’s literature: book lists, school book fairs and book order forms, literacy textbooks (books that teach teachers), and transitional books (books that help children segue from picture books to lengthier texts). If we want all children to become proficient readers, we must stock classrooms with mirror books for all children. This change in our classroom libraries will also allow children of the dominant culture to see literature about others who look different and live differently (Strauss).

Lester, Julius and Karen Barbour. Let's Talk About Race. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2005. Print.

Strauss, Valerie. "How Common Core’S Recommended Books Fail Children Of Color". Washington Post. N.p., 2016. Web. 11 July 2016.






Understanding Homelessness


"My dad and I live in an airport.  That's because we don't have a home and the airport is better than the streets." -Fly Away Home

The Issue of Homelessness
Homelessness is a sad reality for many children in our country.  It is a problem that can be difficult and distressing to explain.  Based on the most recent data from the U.S. Department of Education and the 2013 U.S. Census, a staggering 2.5 million children in America go to sleep without a home of their own (National Center of Family Homelessness, 2016).  In addition,  homelessness inhibits the physical, behavioral, cognitive, social, and emotional development of children (Shegos, 1999, p. 2).  In general, homelessness can be unsanitary, unsafe, and chaotic.  Thankfully, there are laws in place such as the McKinney-Vento Act and programs like Backpack Buddies which provides support for children experiencing homelessness.  

It wasn't until I was an adult that I came face-to-face with childhood homelessness.  The first school I taught at was in a low-income rural town where 100% of our students received free lunch.  Unfortunately, far too many students were also experiencing homelessness.  Some students lived at various campgrounds while others went from one motel to another.  Some students were "fortunate" enough to have close family or friends that would take them in and let them sleep on their couch or on the floor of their home.  Some even spent many nights during the year at different shelters.  The common theme every homeless child shares is the constant worry of not knowing where they will sleep each night, if they will be safe, and if they will have food to eat.  The anxiety and depression these students experience on a daily basis impacts their ability to think, learn, and form relationships with others. Fortunately, school is a place of sanctuary and stability for many of these children. It is my hope that teaching children about homelessness will inspire them to take action whether it be volunteering at a soup kitchen, donating money, or showing compassion for those in need.


Addressing Homelessness in the Classroom
Homelessness should be addressed in the classroom in order for students to gain a greater understanding of this complex social issue.  Discussing homelessness will also help students learn ways that they can make a positive difference in the lives of those affected.  In addition to teacher's and other stakeholders educating themselves about homelessness, there are also wonderful children's literature books that can be used for educating our youth about this crisis situation.   While some children have a better understanding than others because they have homeless relatives or friends, it can be easy for children to form negative stereotypes based on what they've heard on the news, conversations they've had with parents, or what they've seen in social media.  



According to Perkins, "Great stories, like their human counterparts, are beautiful yet flawed, and discussing them in community can strengthen their power to enlighten, inspire, and let justice roll down" (Perkins, 2009, p. 7).  Eve Bunting's Fly Away Home is no exception as it discusses the challenging issue of homelessness while also addressing its negative stereotypes.  In this story, a homeless boy and his father are able to survive living in an airport terminal because they are careful not to get caught (e.g. they stay among the crowds, change airlines, sleep sitting up, and wear clean looking clothes).  A woman also attempts to find shelter at the airport but is unsuccessful when her dirty clothes and cart full of stuff draws the attention of the security guards.  In this story the father is described as someone who works as a janitor that is trying all the time to find a place for him and his son to live. Readers that associate homelessness with dirty and lazy individuals will grow to gain a new perspective on the issue.  Overall, this book is sure to spark some interesting and thought provoking discussion.  


This activity addresses several K-2 Common Core Standards including: K.C.1- Understand how individuals are similar and different, 1.C.1- Understand the diversity of people in the local community, and 2.C.1- Understand how various cultures influence communities.   Additional books that teachers can use for helping students understand homelessness can be found here: Institute for Humane Education

References

Bunting, E., & Himler, R. (1991). Fly away home. New York: Clarion Books.
National Center on Family Homelessness. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.air.org/center/national-center-family-homelessness
Perkins, M. (2009). Straight Talk on Race: Challenging the stereotypes in kid's books.
Shegos, E. (1999). Homelessness and its Effects on Children. 1-16. Retrieved from http://www.fhfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Homlessness_Effects_Children.pdf

Tuesday, July 5, 2016

Mufaro's Beautiful Daughters



Mufaro's Beautiful Daughters

Believe it or not, I absolutely hated reading when I was younger because the words just didn't make sense to me.  It's almost like no one took the time to explain reading to me in a way that I truly understood.  Although I was given books and had several shelves full of them, reading just wasn't my favorite thing to do.  I'm not quite sure when my dislike for reading occurred because I remembering reading a biography or maybe even autobiography on the school bus ride home in second grade about Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.  I read that book every single day for a long time.  However, that's the only book that initially comes to mind when I think about just going out and reading on my own.  Of course there were the stories we had to read in our textbooks, but looking back, it all seems like a big blurb. 


As I continue to remember, though....I remember my mama purchasing my very first book from the school book fair...Mufaro's Beautiful Daughters. This particular book took place in an African village where two sisters lived with their father.  Well, as we know, sometimes sisters get along very well, and sometimes they do not.  One of the sisters, Manyara was very jealous of the younger sister, Nyasha, and Manyara went out of her way to be mean to her younger sister.  Not only was Manyara mean to her sister, but she was also mean to the animals and other people in the village.  Nyasha, on the other hand, was very sweet and mild-tempered.  She did everything she could to help other people and even the animals in which she encountered. 

One day, a the king wanted to find a bride for his kingdom, and he invited all girls to come to a dinner party.  Manyara and Nyasha's father was so excited that he gathered a wedding party in their honor.  Manyara stole away in the middle of the night and headed to the palace alone in the effort to be the first girl the king saw.  She came across several people in the forest who needed her help, but she decided against it by acting rude and disrespectful towards them.  However, Nyasha waited for the next day in order to travel with the wedding party and her father.  She was very kind and helpful towards everyone in the forest she came across, and whatever they needed, Nyasha was able to give them. 

When the wedding party arrived to the palace the following day, Manyara came out of the palace crying.  Nyasha went in to see what was wrong and realized why her sister was crying.  You see, the king took the form of the animals and people in the forests as a means to gain a better understanding of the sisters' spirits.  When Manyara was rude and disrespectful to the people and animals in the forest, she was actually doing so to the king.  Nyasha's spirit and attitude were found to be favorable in the eyes of the king, which is why she was chosen to be his queen.

This book is an excellent choice for children, especially those in grades 3-5.  Mufaro's Beautiful daughter not only teaches the value of patience, but it definitely teaching the value of respectfulness.